1 The Nature of Turbulence -- 1.1 Two-Dimensional Eddies in the Atmosphere -- 1.2 The Reynolds Number and Its Significance -- 1.3 The Reynolds Approach to the Equations of a Turbulent Fluid -- 1.4 Averaging the Equation of Continuity -- 1.5 Fluxes and the General Conservation Equation -- 1.6 The Closure Problem -- 1.7 First-Order Closure - Exchange Theory -- 1.8 Problems -- 2 The Navier-Stokes Equations -- 2.1 The Nature of Stress -- 2.2 Invariants of Fluid Motions -- 2.3 The Navier-Stokes Equations -- 2.4 Reynolds Number Similarity -- 2.5 Averaging the Navier-Stokes Equations -- 2.6 Problems -- 3 The Neutral Surface Boundary Layer -- 3.1 Overview of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer -- 3.2 Wind Distribution in the Neutral Surface Layer -- 3.3 Mean Flow in the Vicinity of the Surface -- 3.4 Miscellaneous Topics -- 3.5 Distribution of Passive Mean Properties -- 3.6 Problems -- 4 The Energy Equations of Turbulence -- 4.1 Energy of the Instantaneous State of a Fluid -- 4.2 Work Done on the Boundary -- 4.3 Heat -- 4.4 The Energy Equations and Energy Transformations -- 4.5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics -- 4.6 The Boussinesq Approximation -- 4.7 Open Systems -- 4.8 Energy Transformations in a Turbulent System -- 4.9 Problems -- 5 Diabatic Surface Boundary Layers -- 5.1 Heat Flux in the Surface Layer -- 5.2 The Richardson Number and the Criterion of Turbulence -- 5.3 Wind Profile Similarity -- 5.4 Profiles of Mean Temperature -- 5.5 Some Useful Relationships -- 5.6 Problems -- 6 Homogeneous Stationary Planetary Layers -- 6.1 The Ekman Spiral -- 6.2 A Two-Layer Model of the PBL -- 6.3 Universal Wind Hodograph and the Resistance Laws -- 6.4 The Mixed Layer of the Ocean -- 6.5 Problems -- 7 Unconstrained Boundary Layers -- 7.1 Flow downwind of a Change of Roughness -- 7.2 Non-stationary Boundary Layers -- 7.3 The Surface Heat Balance Equation -- 7.4 Daytime Conditions in the PBL -- 7.5 The Planetary Boundary Layer at Night -- 7.6 Model Simulation of the PBL -- 7.7 Problems -- 8 Statistical Representation of Turbulence I -- 8.1 Scaling Statistical Variables in the PBL -- 8.2 Vertical Distributions of the Variances -- 8.3 Problems -- 9 Statistical Representation of Turbulence II -- 9.1 Spectrum and Cross Spectrum of Turbulence -- 9.2 Spatial Representation of Turbulence -- 9.3 The Equilibrium Theory of Turbulence -- 9.4 The Inertial Subrange -- 9.5 Surface Layer Velocity Component Spectra -- 9.6 Mixed Layer Velocity Component Spectra -- 9.7 Spectra of Scalar Quantities Including Temperature -- 9.8 Cospectra and Quadrature Spectra -- 9.9 Problems -- 10 Turbulent Diffusion from Discrete Sources -- 10.1 Morphology of Smoke Plumes -- 10.2 Continuity Principles -- 10.3 Fickian Diffusion -- 10.4 The Gaussian Distribution Function -- 10.5 Taylor's Diffusion Equation -- 10.6 Spectral Representation of Taylor's Equation -- 10.7 Stability Parameters -- 10.8 Gaussian Plume Models -- 10.9 Estimations Based on Taylor's Equation -- 10.10 Monte Carlo Models -- 10.11 Instantaneous Point Sources -- 10.12 Problems -- Appendix A. Derivation of the Tubulent Energy Equations -- A.1 Equations for the Instantaneous Energy -- A.2 The Equation of Mean Internal Energy -- A.3 The Mean Total Kinetic Energy Equation -- A.4 The Equation for the Energy of Mean Motion -- A.5 The Turbulent Kinetic Energy Equation -- Appendix B. Dimensional Analysis and Scaling Principles -- B.1 Checking Equations for Errors -- B.2 Inferring an Unknown Relationship -- B.3 Turkey Eggs, Anybody? -- B.4 Problems -- Appendix C. Matching Theory and the PBL Resistance Laws -- Appendix D. Description of the Planetary Boundary Layer Simulation Model -- D.1 Architecture of the Model -- D.2 Surface Boundary Condition -- D.3 The Free Convection Closure Scheme -- D.4 Treatment of Cloud Formation -- D.5 Treatment of Infrared Radiation -- Appendix E. A Monte Carlo Smoke Plume Simulation -- References.