Section I/Induction and Probability -- Initial Probabilities: A Prerequisite for any Valid Induction -- Discussion of Bruno de Finetti's Paper 'Initial Probabilities: A Prerequisite for any Valid Induction' -- Linguistically Invariant Inductive Logic -- Comments on 'Linguistically Invariant Inductive Logic' by Ian Hacking -- Logical Probability, Mathematical Statistics, and the Problem of Induction -- Statistics, Induction, and Lawlikeness: Comments on Dr. Vetter's Paper -- Section II / Foundations of Physics -- New Approach to Interpretation Problems of General Relativity by Means of the Splitting-Up-Formalism of Space-Time -- Comments on Professor Schmutzer's Paper -- Simultaneity by Slow Clock Transport in the Special Theory of Relativity -- Foundations of Quantum Theory; Statistical Interpretation (Introductory talk) -- Comments on H. J. Groenewold 'Foundations of Quantum Theory' -- Intertheory Relations -- Problems Concerning Intertheory Relations -- Section III / Science and Ethics: The Moral Responsibility of the Scientist -- The Moral Responsibility of the Scientist -- Science and Responsibility -- The Relation of Modern Scientific Conceptions to the Human Image -- Science and Ethics -- Scientists and Ethics - A Case History -- Modern Science and Social Responsibility -- Index of Names.