I / Medical Facts and Scientific Progress: The Scientific Status of Medical Knowledge -- On the Scientific Status of Medical Research: Case Study and Interpretation According to Ludwik Fleck -- The Scientific Status of Medical Research: A Reply to Schäfer -- Ludwik Fleck and the Philosophy of Medicine: A Commentary on Schäfer and Tsouyopoulos -- II / Causality and Explanation in Medicine: The Regard for Practice in Medical Knowledge -- On the History of Medical Causality -- Causality and Conditionality in Medicine Around 1900 -- On Medicine's Scientificity - Did Medicine's Accession to Scientific 'Positivity' in the Course of the Nineteenth Century Require Giving Up Causal (Etiological) Explanation? -- Causation and the Conceptual Scheme of Medical Knowledge -- The Dilemma of Medical Causality and the Issue of Biological Individuality -- III / Art and Intuition in Medical Decisions: The Regard for Knowledge in Medical Practice -- The Concept of the Art of Medicine -- Intuition and Technology as Bases of Medical Decision-Making -- Intuition and the Process of Medical Diagnosis: The Quest for Explicit Knowledge in the Technological Era -- Intuition in the Art and Science of Medicine -- Technoscience and Medicine -- IV / Obligations to Patients: The Purpose of Medical Practice and Its Consequences for Knowledge -- Knowledge and Art in the Practice of Medicine: Clinical Judgment and Historical Reconstruction -- Medicine: Explanation, Manipulation, and Creativity -- Medicine - Beyond the Boundaries of Sciences, Technologies, and Arts -- Is Medicine Special, And If So, What Follows?: An Attempt at Rational Reconstruction -- Notes on Contributors.