1 Introduction: The Scientific Study of Human Consciousness in Psychobiological Perspective -- References -- 2 Consciousness and Information Processing: A Biocognitive Perspective -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Brief Historical Overview -- 3. Consciousness, Unconsciousness, and Biocognitive Structures -- 4. Influences on Biocognitive Structures and Styles of Information Processing -- 5. On Making the Unconscious Conscious -- References -- 3 Mind, Brain, and Consciousness: The Organization of Competence and Conduct -- 1. Consciousness and Information Processing -- 2. Consciousness and Self-Consciousness -- 3. Consciousness and Feelings -- 4. Consciousness and Information Measurement -- 5. Consciousness and Competency -- 6. Consciousness and Perception -- 7. Consciousness and Mind -- References -- 4 Stress-Induced Behavior: Chemotherapy without Drugs -- 1. Stress-Induced Behavior -- 2. Stereotypy as a Consequence of Stress in Animals and Humans -- 3. Why Dopamine? -- 4. Summary -- References -- 5 Redundancy in the Nervous System as Substrate for Consciousness: Relation to the Anatomy and Chemistry of Remembering -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Localization of Memory Consolidation Function -- 3. Redundancy of the Central Nervous System -- 4. Redundancy as a Neurobiological Substrate of Consciousness -- 5. Biochemistry of Memory -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- 6 Multipotentiality: A Statistical Theory of Brain Function-Evidence and Implications -- References -- 7 Genetic Factors in EEG, Sleep, and Evoked Potentials -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Electroencephalogram-Resting and Response Measures -- 3. Sleep -- 4. Evoked Potentials -- 5. Anatomic Features and Electrophysiology -- 6. Electrophysiology, Genetics, and Consciousness -- References -- 8 The Waking Stream of Consciousness -- 1. William James: Characteristics of Consciousness -- 2. The Variety of Conscious Experience -- 3. A Basic Model -- 4. The Activities of Mind and Body -- 5. The Stream of Consciousness and Brain Activity -- 6. Fantasy, Emotion, and Visual Imagination -- References -- 9 The Emergence of Emotions and the Development of Consciousness in Infancy -- 1. Biological Processes, Emotions, and Consciousness -- 2. The Emergence of Emotions and Changes in Consciousness -- 3. Summary -- References -- 10 A Systems Approach to Consciousness -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Some Generalities about the Systems Approach -- 3. A Particular System Model -- 4. Consciousness -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- 11 A Systems Approach to Altered States of Consciousness -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Constructed Nature of Ordinary Consciousness -- 3. States of Consciousness -- 4. Mapping Experience -- 5. Discrete States of Consciousness -- 6. Individual Differences -- 7. Major Subsystems of Consciousness -- 8. Stabilization of Discrete States -- 9. Induction of a Discrete Altered State -- 10. Methodological Consequences of the Systems Approach -- References -- 12 The Psychobiology of Sexual Experience -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Physiology, Sensations, and Concepts of Sexuality -- 3. Orgasm as an Altered State of Consciousness (ASC) -- 4. Sex Differences and the Role of Hormones -- 5. Summary -- References -- 13 The Psychophysiological Model of Meditation and Altered States of Consciousness: A Critical Review -- 1. The Meditative ASC -- 2. EEG Changes during Meditation -- 3. Oculomotor Processes and EEG -- 4. Meditation and Arousal -- 5. Specificity of the Meditative ASC -- 6. EEG, Arousal, and Sleep -- 7. Meditation and Attention -- 8. Meditation and Trance -- 9. Meditation and Brain-Wave Biofeedback -- 10. The Psychophysiological Principle -- 11. Meditation and the Psychophysiological Model -- References -- 14 Toward a Psychobiology of Transcendence: God in the Brain -- 1. An Argument for Implicit Knowledge in the Brain Sciences -- 2. The Pharmacological Bridge and the Modulation of Arousal and Fear -- 3. The Pharmacological Bridge and the Modulation of Rage -- 4. Neurobiological Transcendence: High-Dose Amphetamine, Cocaine, and the Hallucinogens -- 5. Neurobiological Antagonism of Amphetamine, Cocaine, the Hallucinogens, and Naturally Occurring Transient Hypomanic States by Lithium's Effect on Serotonin Biosynthesis -- 6. Kindling of Temporal Lobe Limbic Structures: Raphe and Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells as Double Gates to Transcendence -- 7. Bipolar Affect Disorder, the Temporal Lobes, and Transcendent Consciousness -- 8. Syndromes of Temporal Lobe Disinhibition -- 9. The Activated Sleep Syndrome, the Drive-Arrest-Release Sequence in Biogenic Amine Neurons, and the Psychopharmacology of the Bipolar Affect Disorders -- 10. Religious Ecstasy and Conversion -- References -- 15 Prospects for the Scientific Observer of Perceptual Consciousness -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Scientific Observer and the Problem of Mind and Matter: A Phenomenological Argument -- 3. The Scientific Observer and the Problem of Mind and Brain: An Abstract Argument -- 4. Conclusion -- References.