Introduction: Where is the Individual Subject in Scientific Psychology? -- Introduction: Where is the Individual Subject in Scientific Psychology? -- Individual-Based Inference Methodology: Past, Present, and the Future -- Psychology as a Science -- From Idiographic Approaches to Nomothetic Hypotheses -- The Production, Detection, and Explanation of Behavioral Patterns -- Group versus Individual-Based Inference in Psychology: Logic and Practice -- Phenomena Lost -- Between Groups and Individuals -- The Individual Subject in Behavior Analysis Research -- The Time Domain in Individual Subject Research -- Ordinal Pattern Analysis -- Toward the Study of Individual Subjects: Contributions from Different Fields in Psychology -- Academic Diagnosis -- A Method for the Analysis of Patterns, Illustrated with Data on Mother-Child Instructional Interaction -- The Role of the Case Study in Neuropsychological Research -- Psychophysiological Activation Research -- Sequence-Structure Analysis -- Epilogue: Different Perspectives on Individual-Based Generalizations in Psychology -- Epilogue: Different Perspectives on Individual-Based Generalizations in Psychology.