President of the African National Congress in South Africa between 1941-49, Alfred B. Xuma was one of the most influential black South Africans of his generation. In this biography of Dr. Xuma, the first of its kind, the author explores the impact of African-American ideas on African nationalism, the debates within the anti-apartheid movement in the 1940s and 1950s, and the often rocky relationship that existed between white liberals and African nationalists.