Medical Microbiology and Immunology (MMIM) is aiming to improve diagnostics, prophylaxis and treatment of infectious diseases by publishing studies on host-pathogen interaction. Authors working at the interface of host-pathogen interaction are invited to submit their work. Studies on basic, translational as well as clinical research in infectious diseases and infectious disease immunology lie in the scope of the journal. MMIM´s main focus is to advance the field through the publication of original research work on intrinsic, innate or adaptive immune responses to viral, bacterial, fungal and parasitic (protozoan and helminthic) infections, the associated human genetics traits, virulence of the respective infectious pathogens and real world evidence of use of infection control measures, vaccines and anti-infectives. The journal considers manuscripts on the epidemiology of infectious diseases when linked to prophylactic or therapeutic measures, or the emergence and epidemic spread of new or rare pathogens, as well as on novel vaccines, new indications for existing vaccines and medicines, innovative tools for prevention and diagnosis of infectious disease when linked to outbreaks, precision in clinical trials and improvement of outcomes. To emphasize the forward-looking perspective, authors are invited to summarize their findings from a clinical outcome-oriented perspective and in views of new possibilities to exploit findings for the benefit of the patient. Furthermore, the journal does not accept the submission of manuscripts retrospectively summarizing the status quo without original research data providing new insights. This precludes that MMIM does not accept the submission of non-commissioned review articles and epidemiological studies limited to assessing regional epidemiology of infectious disease without a direct link to effectiveness of prophylaxis and therapy. Moreover, the journal offers the possibility to publish research hypotheses with underlying original data that claim new research needs and thereby drive scientific discussion. Founding Editors Robert Koch and Carl Flügge, 1886 .