Our increased awareness of the finite resources of planet Earth and our desire to preserve them for future generations has increased the search of technologies to remediate contaminated sites. One of these technologies involves bioremediation, which uses biological activity to mineralize organic contaminants, or to remove inorganic contaminants from affected sites. This technology is for the most part in its infancy, but has a promising future. The information presented in this book reflects the state-of-the-art of the science and technology of bioremediation, and highlights areas that should be understood by successful practitioners. In addition, the ideas and applications discussed should provide guidance and inspiration to all those interested in advancing the field of bioremediation to recover and preserve two of our most precious resources: soil and water.