erosion of the Kemalist model. Kemalist model of shaping politics and society -- awakening of society: between tradition and modernity -- slow adaptation of the political system -- myth of national homogeneity and the "Kurdish reality" -- revival of political Islam -- Toward a new sociopolitical synthesis. Turkish foreign and security policy after the Cold War. Central Asia and the Caspian Basin: energy, business, and kinship -- Middle East: between involvement and active engagement -- Balkans: old challenges, new opportunities -- Relations with Greece and the Cyprus problem -- Europe: still the "desired land"? -- Turkey in the Western security system: asset or liability?. European and American policy toward Turkey. current situation: policies, motives and limitations -- challenge: anchoring Turkey in the West.