Front Cover; Molecular Biology of Aging; Copyright; Contents; In Memoriam; Contributors; Preface; Chapter One: Clinical Aspects of Glucose Metabolism and Chronic Disease; 1. Introduction; 2. Diabetes Mellitus; 3. Cardiovascular Disease; 4. Chronic Kidney Disease; 5. Sarcopenia; 6. The Frailty Syndrome; 7. Dementia; 8. Exercise and Brain Metabolism; 9. Pharmacological Treatments for Dementia; 10. Reducing Chronic Disease Burden; References; Chapter Two: Therapeutic Strategies for Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Age-Related Metabolic Disorders; 1. Introduction

2. Global Prevalence of Metabolic Disorders3. Structure and Functions of Mitochondria; 3.1. Mitochondrial Dynamics; 3.2. Mitochondrial Biogenesis; 4. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Age-Related Metabolic Disorders; 4.1. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; 4.2. Obesity; 4.3. Cardiovascular Diseases; 4.4. Stroke; 5. Strategies Directed to Target Mitochondrial Dysfunction; 5.1. Lifestyle Interventions; 5.1.1. Exercise; 5.1.2. Dietary Modifications; 5.2. Pharmacological Interventions; 5.2.1. Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants; 5.2.2. Sirtuins; 6. Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgments; References

Chapter Three: MicroRNAs as Peripheral Biomarkers in Aging and Age-Related Diseases1. Introduction; 2. Circulatory miRNAs; 3. miRNAs Secretion in Circulatory Biofluids; 4. Circulatory miRNAs as Biomarkers in Aging and Age-Associated Diseases; 4.1. Aging; 4.2. Cardiovascular Disease; 4.3. Cancer; 4.3.1. Aging and Cancer; 4.3.2. Prostate Cancer; 4.3.3. Lung Cancer; 4.3.4. Breast Cancer; 4.3.5. Colorectal Cancer; 4.4. Arthritis; 4.5. Cataract; 4.6. Osteoporosis; 4.7. Diabetes/Obesity; 4.8. Hypertension; 4.9. Neurodegenerative Diseases; 4.9.1. Dementia; 4.9.2. Alzheimerś Disease

4.9.2.1. Circulatory miRNAs in Whole Blood4.9.2.2. Blood Mononuclear Cells as a Source of miRNAs; 4.9.2.3. Serum as Sources of Circulatory miRNAs; 4.9.2.4. Serum Exosomal miRNAs; 4.9.2.5. Plasma as Sources of Circulatory miRNAs; 4.9.2.6. Plasma Exosomal miRNAs; 4.9.2.7. CSF and Extracellular Fluid Circulatory miRNAs; 4.9.3. Huntingtonś Disease; 4.9.4. Parkinsonś Disease; 4.9.5. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; 5. Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter Four: Molecular Links and Biomarkers of Stroke, Vascular Dementia, and Alzheimerś Disease; 1. Introduction; 1.1. Stroke

1.2. Dementia1.2.1. Vascular Dementia; 1.2.2. Alzheimerś Disease; 2. Risk Factors for IS, VaD, and AD; 3. Molecular Links and Pathways; 4. Molecular Biomarkers; 4.1. Protein Biomarkers in Stroke, VaD, and AD; 4.2. miRNAs as Peripheral Biomarkers in Stroke, VaD, and AD; 4.2.1. miRNA Profile and Function in Human Samples; 4.2.2. MiRNA Profile and Function in Animal and Postmortem Brain; 5. Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter Five: MicroRNAs, Aging, Cellular Senescence, and Alzheimerś Disease; 1. Introduction; 2. Biogenesis and Regulation of miRNAs