Front Cover -- Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Chapter One: Diketene a Privileged Synthon in the Synthesis of Heterocycles. Part 2: Six-Membered Ring Heterocycles -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Synthesis of Six-Membered Heterocycles -- 2.1. Containing One Heteroatom -- 2.1.1. Oxygen -- 2.1.2. Nitrogen -- 2.1.3. Sulfur -- 2.2. Containing Two Heteroatoms -- 2.2.1. Nitrogen and Oxygen -- 2.2.2. Nitrogen and Sulfur -- 2.2.3. Oxygen and Sulfur -- 2.3. Containing Three Heteroatoms -- 3. Synthesis of Fused Polycyclic Heterocycles -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Two: Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Piperidines: Functionalization of Preexisting Ring Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Hydrogenations of Pyridine -- 2.1. Organocatalyzed Hydrogenations -- 2.1.1. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenations -- 2.1.2. Organocatalytic Hydrogenations With Frustrated Lewis Pairs -- 2.2. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogenations -- 2.2.1. Heterogeneous Catalysis -- 2.2.1.1. Racemic Hydrogenations -- 2.2.1.2. Diastereoselective Hydrogenations -- 2.2.2. Homogeneous Catalysis -- 2.2.2.1. Achiral Hydrogenations -- 2.2.2.2. Enantioselective Hydrogenations -- 2.2.2.2.1. Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation -- 2.2.2.2.2. Ir-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation -- 3. Functionalization of C -- H Bond in Piperidines -- 3.1. Reactions of Electrophile With Alpha Aminocarbanion Species -- 3.2. Reactions of Nucleophiles With Iminium Ions -- 3.2.1. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Oxidation -- 3.2.1.1. With Chemical Oxidant -- 3.2.1.2. Without Chemical Oxidant -- 3.2.2. Chemical Oxidation -- 3.2.3. Redox-Neutral Oxidation -- 3.2.4. Electrochemical Oxidation -- 3.2.5. Visible Light-Induced Photocatalytic Oxidation -- 3.3. Reactions of Alpha Amino Radicals -- 3.4. Transition Metal-Catalyzed C -- H Bond Activation.

3.4.1. Inner Sphere Mechanism -- 3.4.1.1. Oxidative Addition Into a C -- H Bond -- 3.4.2. Outer Sphere Mechanism -- 3.4.2.1. Carbenoid and Nitrenoid Insertion Into a C -- H Bond -- 4. Cross-Coupling of Halogenated Piperidines -- 4.1. Traditional Cross-Coupling -- 4.1.1. Suzuki Coupling -- 4.1.2. Negishi Coupling -- 4.1.3. Heck Coupling -- 4.1.4. Hiyama Coupling -- 4.1.5. Sonogashira Coupling -- 4.1.6. Kumada Coupling -- 4.2. Reductive Cross-Coupling -- 5. Preparation of Piperidines by Ring Expansion of 2-Substituted Pyrrolidines -- 5.1. Synthesis of 3-Hydroxypiperidines -- 5.2. Synthesis of 3-Aminoxypiperidines -- 5.3. Synthesis of 3-Halopiperidines -- 5.4. Synthesis of 3-Cyanopiperidines -- 6. Summary and Outlook -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter Three: Indazoles: Synthesis and Bond-Forming Heterocyclization -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Structure and Biological Activities of Indazoles -- 2. Synthetic Section -- 2.1. Formation of One Bond: Between Carbon and Nitrogen -- 2.1.1. Diazonium Salts -- 2.1.2. Nitrosamines -- 2.1.3. Oxone -- 2.1.4. Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions -- 2.1.5. Intramolecular Amination -- 2.1.6. Chromium Complexes -- 2.2. Between Two Nitrogens to Give a New N -- N Bond -- 2.2.1. Nitro Compounds -- 2.2.2. Amino Compounds -- 3. Formation of Two Bonds -- 3.1. Reaction of Hydrazine Derivatives With1,3-Diketonic Compounds -- 3.1.1. 1,3-Diketones -- 3.1.2. Ketoesters, Ketoacetals, and Ketothioesters -- 3.1.3. Alkenones -- 3.1.4. Trifluoroacyl Ketones -- 3.1.5. Baylis-Hillman Adducts -- 3.1.6. Halo Aldehydes, Ketones, Acids, and Nitriles -- 4. Synthesis of Benzopyrano[4,3,2-cd]indazoles -- 5. Reaction of ortho-Substituted Compounds With Hydrazine -- 6. Miscellaneous Cyclizations -- 6.1. Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization -- 6.2. Cyclization With 1,4-Benzo-, Naphtho-, and Quinones -- 6.3. 2+3 Cyclization -- 6.4. 4+1 Component Cyclization.

7. From Other Heterocycles -- 8. Synthesis of Thiazolo[3,4-b]indazoles -- 9. Reactions -- 9.1. Ring Reactions -- 9.1.1. At N-1 -- 9.1.2. At N-2 -- 9.1.3. At C-3 -- 9.1.4. At C-5 -- 9.1.5. At C-7 -- 9.2. Substituent Reactions -- 9.2.1. At N-2 Substituent -- 9.2.2. At C-3 Substituent -- 9.2.2.1. Synthesis of Azatryptophanes and Amino Acid Derivatives -- 9.2.3. At C-5 Substituent -- 9.2.4. At C-7 Substituent -- 9.3. Anellations -- 9.3.1. 1,2-Anellation -- 9.3.2. 2,3-Anellation -- 9.3.3. 3,4-Anellation -- 9.3.4. 4,5-Anellation -- 9.3.5. 5,6-Anellation -- 9.3.6. 6,7-Anellation -- 10. Dehydrogenation -- 11. Cleavage -- References -- Further Reading -- Chapter Four: The Chemistry of Sulfur-Containing [5,5]-Fused Ring Systems With a Bridgehead Nitrogen -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles -- 2.1. Synthesis -- 2.1.1. From Thiazole Precursors and α-Bromoketones -- 2.1.2. From Thiazoles -- 2.1.3. From Pyrrole Derivatives -- 2.1.4. From Other Derivatives -- 2.2. Functionalization -- 3. Pyrazolo[5,1-b]thiazoles -- 3.1. Synthesis and Functionalization -- 4. Imidazo[5,1-b]thiazoles -- 4.1. Synthesis and Functionalization -- 5. Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles -- 5.1. Synthesis -- 5.1.1. From 2-Aminothiazoles -- 5.1.2. From 2-Thioimidazoles -- 5.1.3. Multicomponent Reactions -- 5.1.4. From Ring-Closing and Ring-Opening Reactions -- 5.2. C-5 Functionalization -- 5.2.1. Carbonylation -- 5.2.2. C -- H Arylation -- 5.2.3. Formylation -- 5.2.4. Nitrosation -- 5.2.5. Chlorination and Bromination -- 5.2.6. Trifluoromethylation -- 5.2.7. Sulfenylation/Thiocyanation/Selenylation -- 5.2.8. Phosphonation -- 5.2.9. Other C-5 Functionalization -- 5.3. C-2 Functionalization -- 5.3.1. C -- H Arylation -- 5.3.2. C -- H Alkenylation -- 5.3.3. Mannich Reaction -- 6. Thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazoles -- 6.1. Synthesis -- 6.1.1. From Triazoles -- 6.1.2. Miscellaneous Methods.

6.2. Functionalization -- 7. Thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]triazoles -- 7.1. Synthesis -- 7.1.1. From Triazoles -- 7.1.2. From Thiazoles -- 7.2. Functionalization -- 8. Imidazo[2,1-b]thiadiazoles -- 8.1. Synthesis -- 8.1.1. From Thiadiazoles -- 8.1.2. Multicomponent Reactions -- 8.2. C-5 Functionalization -- 8.2.1. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution -- 8.2.2. CH Activation -- 8.3. C-2 Functionalization -- 9. Imidazo[1,2-d][1,2,4]thiadiazoles -- 9.1. Synthesis and Functionalization -- 10. Other [5,5]-Fused Ring Systems Contained Sulfur and Nitrogen -- 10.1. Thiazolo[3,2-d]tetrazoles -- 11. Concluding Remarks -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.