Causes, correlates, and caveats: understanding the development of sex differences in cognition / Diane F. Halpern and Simay Ikier -- Sexual selection and sex differences in social cognition / David C. Geary -- Hormones, brain, and behavior: putative biological contributions to cognitive sex differences / Roslyn Holly Fitch and Heather A. Bimonte -- Sex differences in motivation, self-concept, career aspiration and career choice: implications for cognitie development / Allan Wigfield, Ann Battle, Lisa B. Keller and Jacquelynne S. Ecckes -- Gender differences in language development / Jean Berko Gleason and Richard Ely -- Sex differences in mathematical abilities and achievement / Richard De Lisi and Ann McGillicuddy-De Lisi -- Maximization of spatial competence: more important than finding the cause of sex differences / Nora S. Newcombe, Lisa Mathason and Melissa Terlecki -- Children's gender cognitions, the social environment, and sex differences in cognitive domains / Carol Lynn Martin and Lisa M. Dinella -- Emergent themes in the development of sex differences in cognition / Ann McGillicuddy-De Lisi and Richard De Lisi.