1 Autonomy and ideology in the English language classroom; 2 Safe-talk: collusion in apartheid education; 3 English language education in Japan; 4 Shadow puppets and language lessons: Interpreting classroom behaviour in its cultural context; 5 Large and small class cultures in Egyptian university classrooms: a cultural justification for curriculum change; 6 Learner resistance to innovation in classroom methodology; 7 The effect of institutional and national cultures on examinations: the university in Kenya; 8 Through language to learning: preparing overseas students for study in western universities; 9 Cultures of Learning: Language Classrooms in China; 10 Social and pedagogic pressures in the language classroom: the role of socialisation.