In his famous The Protestant Ethic, Max Weber presented the idea that the peculiar 'work ethic' of Protestantism contributed significantly to the rise of science and technology in western Europe and ultimately to the formation of the world as it is today. About Islam, Weber did not have much good to say. In his Economy and Society the Muslims appear as followers of a warrior cult. Even though researchers have been challenging these theories for many years, they appear to be quite persistent and are still frequently evoked in present-day debates. This collection of articles, edited by John Brooke and Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu, is another contribution to a more balanced and differentiated perspective in the debate around fruitful or negative relations between religion and science...