1 Theory of Luminescence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Characteristics of Luminescence -- 3. Fundamentals of the Quantum Theory of Radiation -- 4. Theoretical Models and Mechanisms of Luminescence -- 5. Conclusions and Future Trends -- References -- 2. Experimental Techniques -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Absorption and Luminescence Spectroscopy -- 3. Spectroscopic Components -- 4. Time-Resolved Spectroscopy -- 5. Hole-Burning, Fluorescence Line-Narrowing, and Photon Echo -- 6. Quantum Efficiency and Nonradiative Processes -- 7. Polarization and Perturbation Spectroscopy -- 8. New Developments -- References -- 3. Photoluminescence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Classification of Photoluminescence in Solids -- 3. Band-to-Band Luminescence -- 4. Wannier Exciton Luminescence -- 5. Characteristics of Localized-Center Luminescence -- 6. Extrinsic Luminescence of Unlocalized Type -- 7. Extrinsic Luminescence of Localized Type -- 8. Luminescence of Low-Dimensional Systems -- References -- 4. Cathodoluminescence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Fundamental Aspects -- 3. Experimental Aspects -- 4. Materials Applications -- 5. Recent Applications -- 6. Future Trends -- References -- 5. Ionoluminescence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Models for Excited Atom Formation -- 3. Experimental Observations -- 4. Application to Surface Analysis -- 5. Other Sources of Light Emission -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- 6. Electroluminescence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. ZnS-Type Electroluminescence -- 3. Host Materials and Activators -- 4. Materials Requirements and Deposition Techniques -- 5. Color Electroluminescence Emission of Thin Films -- 6. Stability of ACTFEL Displays and Devices -- 7. Powder Electroluminescence -- 8. Electroluminescence of Organic Materials -- References -- 7. Thermoluminescence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Thermoluminescence Models -- 3. Thermoluminescence Mechanisms -- 4. Methods of Analysis -- 5. Thermoluminescence-Related Phenomena -- 6. Materials: Preparations and Characteristics -- 7. Thermoluminescence Measurement Methods -- 8. Applications -- References -- 8. Lyoluminescence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and Mechanisms -- 3. Applications and Future Trends -- References -- 9. Sonoluminescence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Bubble Dynamics -- 3. Multibubble Sonoluminescence -- 4. Single-Bubble Sonoluminescence -- 5. Mechanisms of Sonoluminescence -- 6. Applications -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- 10. Mechanoluminescence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mechanoluminescent Materials -- 3. Mechanoluminescence Measurement Devices -- 4. Mechanoluminescence Characteristics -- 5. Mechanoluminescence Mechanisms -- 6. Mechanoluminescnce Theory -- 7. Applications -- References -- 11. Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mechanisms of Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence -- 3. Chemiluminescence -- 4. Bioluminescence -- 5. Applications of Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence -- References.